Uhlolojikelele
Iningi labantu liyazi ukuthi ukungcoliswa komoya ongaphandle kungaba nomthelela empilweni yabo, kodwa ukungcoliswa komoya wasendlini nakho kungaba nemiphumela yezempilo ebalulekile neyingozi. Ucwaningo lwe-EPA lokuchayeka komuntu ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya lubonisa ukuthi amazinga angaphakathi okungcola angase abe izikhathi ezimbili kuya kweziyisihlanu - futhi ngezinye izikhathi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 - ngaphezu kwamazinga angaphandle.1 Lawa mazinga okungcola komoya wasendlini akhathaza kakhulu, ngoba abantu abaningi basebenzisa cishe Amaphesenti angama-90 esikhathi sabo besendlini. Ngezinjongo zalesi siqondiso, incazelo yokuphatha ikhwalithi yomoya yangaphakathi (IAQ) enhle ihlanganisa:
- Ukulawulwa kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya;
- Ukwethulwa nokusatshalaliswa komoya owanele wangaphandle; futhi
- Ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa elamukelekile kanye nomswakama ohlobene
Izinga lokushisa nomswakama akunakushaywa indiva, ngoba ukukhathazeka kokunethezeka okushisayo kubangela izikhalazo eziningi “ngezinga lomoya elibi.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kuphakathi kwezici eziningi ezithinta amazinga okungcola asendlini.
Imithombo yangaphandle kufanele futhi icatshangelwe njengoba umoya wangaphandle ungena ezakhiweni zesikole ngamafasitela, iminyango kanye nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya. Ngakho-ke, ezokuthutha kanye nemisebenzi yokunakekela inkundla iba yizici ezithinta amazinga okungcola asendlini kanye nezinga lomoya wangaphandle emagcekeni esikole.
Kungani I-IAQ Ibalulekile?
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izifundo zobungozi eziqhathaniswayo ezenziwe yi-EPA's Science Advisory Board (SAB) ziye zabeka ngokungaguquki ukungcoliswa komoya endlini phakathi kwezingcuphe ezinhlanu eziphezulu zemvelo empilweni yomphakathi. I-IAQ enhle iyingxenye ebalulekile yendawo enempilo yasendlini, futhi ingasiza izikole zifinyelele umgomo wazo oyinhloko wokufundisa izingane.
Ukwehluleka ukuvimbela noma ukuphendula ngokushesha ezinkingeni ze-IAQ kungakhuphula imiphumela yezempilo yesikhathi eside neyesikhashana kubafundi nakubasebenzi, njengale:
- Ukukhwehlela;
- Ukucasuka kwamehlo;
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu;
- Ukungezwani komzimba;
- Khulisa isifuba somoya kanye/noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula; futhi
- Ezimweni ezingavamile, nikela ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila njenge-Legionnaire's disease noma ubuthi be-carbon monoxide.
Cishe ingane eyodwa kweziyi-13 ezisafunda isifuba somoya, okuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulova esikoleni ngenxa yokugula okungapheli. Kunobufakazi obuningi bokuthi ukuchayeka kwemvelo kwasendlini ezintweni ezingezwani nomzimba (njengezibungu zothuli, izinambuzane, nesikhunta) kudlala indima ekuqaliseni izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Lawa ma-allergener ajwayelekile ezikoleni. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi ukuchayeka ku-diesel exhaust emabhasini esikole nakwezinye izimoto kwandisa isifuba somoya kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Lezi zinkinga zinga:
- Ukuba khona kwabafundi okunomthelela, ukunethezeka, nokusebenza;
- Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kukathisha nabasebenzi;
- Ukusheshisa ukuwohloka nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yesikole ngokomzimba;
- Ukwandisa amathuba okuvalwa kwezikole noma ukufuduka kwabahlali;
- Ukunciphisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabaphathi besikole, abazali nabasebenzi;
- Dala udumo olubi;
- Umthelela ukwethenjwa komphakathi; futhi
- Dala izinkinga zesikweletu.
Izinkinga zomoya wasendlini zingaba ezicashile futhi azikhiqizi imithelela ebonakala kalula empilweni, enhlalakahleni, noma esitshalweni esibonakalayo. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuminyana kwe-sinus, ukukhwehlela, ukuthimula, isiyezi, isicanucanu, nokuluma kweso, ikhala, umphimbo nesikhumba. Izimpawu zingase zingabangelwa ukushoda kwekhwalithi yomoya, kodwa futhi zingabangelwa ezinye izici, njengokukhanya okubi, ingcindezi, umsindo nokunye. Ngenxa yokungezwani okuhlukahlukene phakathi kwabafundi basesikoleni, izinkinga ze-IAQ zingase zithinte iqembu labantu noma umuntu oyedwa futhi zingathinta umuntu ngamunye ngezindlela ezihlukene.
Abantu abangase bangenwe kalula yimiphumela yokungcola komoya wasendlini bahlanganisa, kodwa abakhawulelwe, kubantu abana:
- Isifuba somoya, i-allergies, noma ukuzwela kwamakhemikhali;
- Izifo zokuphefumula;
- Amasosha omzimba acindezelwe (ngenxa yemisebe, i-chemotherapy, noma isifo); futhi
- Ama-contact lens.
Amaqembu athile abantu angase abe sengozini enkulu yokuchayeka kwezinye izinto ezingcolisayo noma izingxube ezingcolisayo. Isibonelo abantu abanesifo senhliziyo bangase bathinteke kakhulu ngokuchayeka ku-carbon monoxide kunabantu abanempilo. Abantu abachayeke emazingeni abalulekile e-nitrogen dioxide nabo basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngezifo zokuphefumula.
Ukwengeza, imizimba ekhulayo yezingane ingase ibe sengozini yokuchayeka emvelweni kunaleyo yabantu abadala. Izingane ziphefumula umoya omningi, zidle ukudla okuningi futhi ziphuze uketshezi oluningi ngokulingana nesisindo somzimba wazo kunabantu abadala. Ngakho-ke, izinga lomoya ezikoleni libaluleke kakhulu. Ukugcinwa kahle komoya wasendlini kungaphezu kwendaba “yekhwalithi”; kuhlanganisa ukuphepha kanye nokuphatha kokutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kubafundi, abasebenzi kanye nezinsiza.
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, bhekaIkhwalithi Yomoya Wasendlini.
Izithenjwa
1. Wallace, Lance A., et al. I-Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study: Ukuchayeka komuntu siqu, ubudlelwano bangaphakathi nangaphandle, namazinga okuphefumula ezinto eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo eNew Jersey.Imvelo. Int.1986,12, 369-387.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160412086900516
Ivela ku-https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/why-indoor-air-quality-important-schools
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-15-2022