Ukubuka konke
Iningi labantu liyazi ukuthi ukungcola komoya wangaphandle kungathinta impilo yabo, kodwa ukungcola komoya wangaphakathi nakho kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile futhi eyingozi empilweni. Izifundo ze-EPA zokuchayeka kwabantu ekungcolisweni komoya zibonisa ukuthi amazinga okungcola kwangaphakathi angaba kabili kuya kahlanu - futhi ngezinye izikhathi angaphezu kwezikhathi eziyi-100 - aphezulu kunamazinga angaphandle.1 Lawa mazinga okungcola komoya wangaphakathi abaluleke kakhulu, ngoba abantu abaningi bachitha cishe amaphesenti angama-90 esikhathi sabo ngaphakathi. Ngenhloso yalesi siqondiso, incazelo yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi enhle (IAQ) ihlanganisa:
- Ukulawulwa kokungcola okubangelwa umoya;
- Ukwethulwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa komoya okwanele wangaphandle; kanye
- Ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa elamukelekayo kanye nomswakama ohlobene
Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama akunakunganakwa, ngoba ukukhathazeka ngenduduzo yokushisa kuyimbangela yezikhalazo eziningi mayelana “nekhwalithi yomoya engeyinhle.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kuphakathi kwezinto eziningi ezithinta amazinga okungcola kwangaphakathi.
Imithombo yangaphandle kufanele icatshangelwe njengoba umoya wangaphandle ungena ezakhiweni zesikole ngamafasitela, iminyango kanye nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi yezokuthutha kanye nokulungisa igceke iba yizinto ezithinta amazinga okungcola kwangaphakathi kanye nekhwalithi yomoya wangaphandle emagcekeni esikole.
Kungani i-IAQ ibalulekile?
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izifundo zokuqhathanisa izingozi ezenziwe yi-EPA's Science Advisory Board (SAB) ziye zabeka njalo ukungcola komoya ngaphakathi endlini phakathi kwezingozi ezinhlanu eziphezulu zemvelo empilweni yomphakathi. I-IAQ enhle iyisici esibalulekile sendawo enempilo yangaphakathi endlini, futhi ingasiza izikole ukuthi zifinyelele umgomo wazo oyinhloko wokufundisa izingane.
Ukwehluleka ukuvimbela noma ukuphendula ngokushesha ezinkingeni ze-IAQ kungandisa imiphumela yezempilo yesikhathi eside neyesikhashana kubafundi nakubasebenzi, njenge:
- Ukukhwehlela;
- Ukucasuka kwamehlo;
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda;
- Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba;
- I-asthma kanye/noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula ezibangela ukuvuvukala okukhulu; kanye
- Ezimweni ezingavamile, kunomthelela ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila njengesifo sikaLegionnaire noma ubuthi be-carbon monoxide.
Cishe ingane eyodwa kweziyi-13 ezifunda isikole ine-asthma, okuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokungabikho esikoleni ngenxa yezifo ezingamahlalakhona. Kunobufakazi obuningi bokuthi ukuchayeka ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba endlini (njengezinambuzane zothuli, izinambuzane, kanye nesikhunta) kudlala indima ekubangeleni izimpawu ze-asthma. Lezi zinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba zivame ezikoleni. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi ukuchayeka emsipheni kadizili ovela emabhasini esikole nakwezinye izimoto kubhebhethekisa i-asthma kanye nokungezwani komzimba. Lezi zinkinga zingaba:
- Umthelela wokuba khona kwabafundi, induduzo, kanye nokusebenza kahle;
- Ukunciphisa ukusebenza kothisha nabasebenzi;
- Ukusheshisa ukuwohloka nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwesitshalo nemishini yesikole;
- Ukwandisa amathuba okuvalwa kwezikole noma ukuthuthwa kwabantu abahlala kuzo;
- Ubudlelwano obungebuhle phakathi kwabaphathi besikole, abazali kanye nabasebenzi;
- Dala ukusakazwa okungekuhle;
- Umthelela wokwethenjwa komphakathi; kanye
- Dala izinkinga zomthwalo wemfanelo.
Izinkinga zomoya wangaphakathi zingaba zicashile futhi azihlali ziveza imiphumela ebonakala kalula empilweni, enhlalakahleni, noma esitshalweni esibonakalayo. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, ukuphefumula okunzima, ukuminyana kwama-sinus, ukukhwehlela, ukuthimula, isiyezi, isicanucanu, kanye nokucasuka kweso, impumulo, umphimbo, kanye nesikhumba. Izimpawu kungenzeka zingabangelwa ukuntuleka kwekhwalithi yomoya, kodwa futhi zingabangelwa ezinye izici, njengokukhanya okungekuhle, ukucindezeleka, umsindo nokunye. Ngenxa yokuzwela okuhlukahlukene phakathi kwabafundi besikole, izinkinga ze-IAQ zingathinta iqembu labantu noma umuntu oyedwa futhi zingathinta umuntu ngamunye ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Abantu abangase bathambekele kakhulu emiphumeleni yokungcola komoya wangaphakathi bahlanganisa, kodwa akugcini lapho, abantu abanalokhu:
- Isifuba somoya, ukungezwani komzimba, noma ukuzwela kwamakhemikhali;
- Izifo zokuphefumula;
- Amasosha omzimba acindezelwe (ngenxa yemisebe, i-chemotherapy, noma isifo); kanye
- Amalensi okuxhumana.
Amaqembu athile abantu angaba sengozini enkulu yokuchayeka ezintweni ezithile ezingcolisayo noma ezingxubeni zokungcola. Isibonelo, abantu abanesifo senhliziyo bangase bathintwe kabi kakhulu ngokuchayeka ku-carbon monoxide kunabantu abaphilile. Abantu abachayeke emazingeni aphezulu e-nitrogen dioxide nabo basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngezifo zokuphefumula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizimba yezingane ekhulayo ingase ibe sengozini enkulu yokuchayeka endaweni ezungezile kunaleyo yabantu abadala. Izingane ziphefumula umoya omningi, zidle ukudla okuningi futhi ziphuze uketshezi oluningi ngokulingana nesisindo somzimba wazo kunabantu abadala. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yomoya ezikoleni ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukugcinwa kahle komoya wangaphakathi kungaphezu nje kwenkinga "yekhwalithi"; kuhlanganisa ukuphepha nokuphathwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kubafundi, abasebenzi kanye nezikhungo.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, bhekaIkhwalithi Yomoya Wangaphakathi.
Izinkomba
1. UWallace, uLance A., nabanye. Ucwaningo Lwendlela Yokuhlola Ukuchayeka Okuphelele (I-TEAM): Ukuchayeka komuntu siqu, ubudlelwano bangaphakathi nangaphandle, kanye namazinga okuphefumula kwamakhemikhali e-volatile organic eNew Jersey.Indawo Ezungezile. Int.1986,12, 369-387.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160412086900516
Ivela ku-https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/why-indoor-air-quality-important-schools
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 15-2022