Kuyini Ukungcoliswa Komoya Kwangaphakathi?

Ukunukubezeka komoya wasendlini ukungcoliswa komoya ongaphakathi okubangelwa ukungcola kanye nemithombo efana neCarbon Monoxide, Particulate Matter, Volatile Organic Compounds, Radon, Mold and Ozone. Nakuba ukungcoliswa komoya kwangaphandle kuthathe ukunaka kwezigidi, ikhwalithi yomoya embi kakhulu oyithola nsuku zonke kungenzeka ukuthi ivela ezindlini zakho.

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Kuyini Ukungcoliswa Komoya Kwangaphakathi?

Kukhona ukungcola okungaziwa okusizungezile. Nakuba ukungcola ngokuvamile kuyisici esibalulekile ngokombono wemvelo nempilo, njengamanzi noma umsindo, abaningi bethu abazi ukuthi ukungcoliswa komoya endlini kuye kwabangela izingozi ezimbalwa zezempilo ezinganeni nakubantu abadala phakathi neminyaka. Eqinisweni, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ikubeka njengeenye yezingozi ezinhlanu eziphezulu zemvelo.

Sichitha cishe u-90% wesikhathi sethu sisendlini futhi kuyiqiniso elifakazelwe ukuthi izinto ezikhishwayo ezisendlini nazo zingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kukhishwa kwasendlini kungaba yimvelo noma i-anthropogenic; zisuka emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo ziye ekujikelezeni kwangaphakathi futhi ngokwezinga elithile, zisuka ezihlokweni zefenisha. Lokhu kukhishwa kuphumela ekungcoleni komoya endlini.

Ukunukubezeka komoya wasendlini ukungcola (noma ukungcoliswa) komoya wasendlini okubangelwa ukungcola kanye nemithombo efana neCarbon Monoxide, Particulate Matter (PM 2.5), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Radon, Mold and Ozone.

Njalo ngonyaka,cishe izigidi ezine zokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zirekhodwa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokungcoliswa komoya endlinifuthi abaningi abengeziwe bahlushwa izifo ezihlobene nayo, njengesifuba somoya, izifo zenhliziyo nomdlavuza. Ukungcoliswa komoya wasekhaya okubangelwa ukushiswa kwezibaseli ezingcolile nezitofu zikaphethiloli eziqinile kukhipha ukungcola okuyingozi njenge-Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxides kanye ne-Particulate Matter. Okwenza lokhu kukhathaze nakakhulu ukuthi ukungcoliswa komoya okubangelwa endlinikungaba nomthelela ekufeni kwabantu ngaphambi kwesikhathi okungaba ngu-500,00 okubangelwa ukungcoliswa komoya wangaphandle minyaka yonke..

Ukunukubezeka komoya endlini kuxhumene kakhulu nokungalingani nobumpofu nakho. Indawo enempilo ibonakala njenge-ailungelo labantu ngokomthethosisekelo. Naphezu kwalokhu, cishe kunabantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu abasebenzisa imithombo engcolile yamafutha futhi bahlala kwamanye amazwe ampofu kakhulu emhlabeni njenge-Afrika, amazwe aseLatin America nase-Asia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obukhona kanye nezibaseli ezisetshenziswa endlini sezivele zibeka ubungozi obukhulu. Ukulimala okufana nokushiswa nokudliwa kukaphalafini konke kuhlobene namandla asendlini asetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa, ukupheka nezinye izinjongo ezihlobene.

Kukhona nokungalingani okukhona uma kukhulunywa ngalokhu kungcola okucashile. Abesifazane namantombazane baziwa ukuthi bathinteka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi bachitha isikhathi esiningi besendlini. Ngokuvumelana neukuhlaziya okwenziwa yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba ngo-2016, amantombazane asezindlini ezithembele ezibasweni ezingcolile alahlekelwa cishe amahora angu-20 isonto ngalinye etheza izinkuni noma amanzi; lokhu kusho ukuthi basesimweni esingesihle, kokubili uma kuqhathaniswa nemizi ekwazi ukuthola amafutha ahlanzekile, kanye nozakwabo besilisa.

Ngakho-ke ukungcoliswa komoya wasendlini kuhlobana kanjani nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu?

Ikhabhoni emnyama (ebuye yaziwe ngokuthi yi-soot) kanye ne-methane - igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla kakhulu i-carbon dioxide - ekhishwa ukushiswa okungasebenzi kahle emakhaya yizinto ezingcolisayo ezinamandla ezinomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Imishini yokupheka nokushisisa yasekhaya iwumthombo ophakeme kakhulu wekhabhoni emnyama obandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamabrikhethi amalahle, izitofu zamapulangwe kanye nezinto zikagesi zokupheka zendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhabhoni emnyama inomthelela onamandla wokufudumala kune-carbon dioxide; cishe izikhathi ezingama-460 -1,500 ezinamandla kune-carbon dioxide ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokushintshana, kungaphazamisa nomoya esiwuphefumula endlini. Ukwenyuka kwamazinga e-carbon dioxide kanye namazinga okushisa akhulayo kungabangela ukugxila kwangaphandle kokungezwani komzimba, okungangena ezindaweni ezingaphakathi. Izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje ziye zehlisa izinga lomoya wasendlini ngokwandisa ubumanzi, okuholela ekwandeni kothuli, isikhunta namagciwane.

Indida yokungcoliswa komoya wasendlini isiletha “kwikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi”. Ikhwalithi yomoya wasendlini (IAQ) isho ikhwalithi yomoya emabhilidini nasezindaweni ezizungezile nezakhiwo, futhi ihlobene nempilo, ukunethezeka kanye nokuphila kahle kwabahlali bezakhiwo. Sekukonke, izinga lomoya wasendlini linqunywa ukungcola okungaphakathi endlini. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekana nokuthuthukisa i-IAQ, ukubhekana nemithombo yokungcoliswa komoya yasendlini.

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Izindlela Zokunciphisa Ukungcoliswa Komoya Wasendlini

Okokuqala nje, ukungcola kwasekhaya kuyinto enganqandwa ngezinga elihle. Njengoba sonke sipheka ezindlini zethu, ukusebenzisa amafutha ahlanzekile njenge-biogas, i-ethanol neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ngokuqinisekile kungasiyisa igxathu eliya phambili. Inzuzo eyengeziwe kulokhu, kungaba ukuncishiswa kokucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala - esikhundleni se-biomass neminye imithombo yezinkuni - engabhekana nenkinga ecindezelayo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngokusebenzisa i-I-Climate and Clean Air Coalition, I-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) iphinde yathatha izinyathelo zokubeka phambili ukwamukelwa kwemithombo yamandla ahlanzekile kanye nobuchwepheshe obungakwazi ukuthuthukisa izinga lomoya, ukunciphisa ukungcola komoya, nokuletha eqhulwini ukubaluleka kwezinzuzo zemvelo, ezenhlalakahle nezomnotho ezifanayo. . Lokhu kubambisana kokuzithandela kohulumeni, izinhlangano, izikhungo zesayensi, amabhizinisi nezinhlangano zomphakathi kwabangelwa imizamo edalwe ukuxazulula izinga lomoya nokuvikela imbulunga ngokunciphisa ukungcola kwesimo sezulu esiphila isikhathi esifushane (SLCPs).

Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (i-WHO) iphinde iqwashise ngokungcoliswa komoya emakhaya emazingeni ezwe nawesifunda ngokusebenzisa imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi nokubonisana ngqo. Bakhe aIkhithi Yamathuluzi Yezixazululo Zasekhaya Ezihlanzekile (CHEST), inqolobane yolwazi nezinsiza zokuhlonza ababambiqhaza abasebenza ezisombululweni zamandla asekhaya kanye nezindaba zempilo yomphakathi ukuze baklame, basebenzise futhi baqaphe izinqubo eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhaya.

Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, kunezindlela esingaqinisekisa ngazo umoya ohlanzekile ezindlini zethu. Kuqinisekile ukuthi ukuqwashisa kuyisihluthulelo. Abaningi bethu kufanele bafunde futhi baqonde umthombo wokungcola okuvela ezindlini zethu, noma ngabe kuvela ku-inki, amaphrinta, okhaphethi, ifenisha, izinto zokupheka, njll.

Hlola izinto eziqabulayo zomoya ozisebenzisayo ekhaya. Nakuba abaningi bethu bethambekele ekugcineni amakhaya ethu engenaphunga futhi amukeleka, okunye kwalokhu kungaba umthombo wokungcola. Ukucacisa kakhudlwana, nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-air fresheners aqukethe i-limonene;lokhu kungaba umthombo wama-VOC. Ukungena komoya kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvula amawindi ethu ngezikhathi ezifanele, ukusebenzisa izihlungi zomoya eziqinisekisiwe nezisebenza kahle namafeni akhipha umoya kuyizinyathelo zokuqala ezilula ukuqala ngazo. Cabangela ukuhlola izinga lomoya, ikakhulukazi emahhovisi nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezinkulu, ukuze uqonde amapharamitha ahlukene abusa izinga lomoya wasendlini. Futhi, ukuhlola njalo amapayipi ukuthi awavuzi yini kanye namafreyimu amafasitela ngemva kokuna kwemvula kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kokuswakama nokukhunta. Lokhu kusho futhi ukugcina amazinga omswakamo ephakathi kuka-30% -50% ezindaweni okungenzeka ziqoqe umswakama.

Izinga lomoya wasendlini kanye nokunukubezeka yizimo ezimbili ezivame ukunganakwa. Kodwa ngengqondo elungile nendlela yokuphila enempilo, singahlala sizivumelanisa noshintsho, ngisho nasezindlini zethu. Lokhu kungaholela emoyeni ohlanzekile kanye nezindawo eziphefumulayo zethu kanye nezingane, futhi, kuholela ekuphileni okuphephile.

Kusuka ku-earth.org.