Isingeniso

I-Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ikhishwa njengamagesi asuka kokuqinile noma uketshezi oluthile. Ama-VOC afaka amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, amanye awo angaba nemiphumela yezempilo emifushane neyesikhathi eside. Ukugxila kwama-VOC amaningi kuhlala kuphakeme ngaphakathi endlini (kufika ngokuphindwe kashumi) kunangaphandle. Ama-VOC akhishwa inqwaba yemikhiqizo ebalelwa ezinkulungwaneni.

Amakhemikhali e-organic asetshenziswa kabanzi njengezithako emikhiqizweni yasendlini. Opende, amavanisha kanye nengcina konke kuqukethe izinto ezincibilikisa izinto eziphilayo, kanjalo nemikhiqizo eminingi yokuhlanza, yokubulala amagciwane, yezimonyo, yokwehlisa amafutha kanye neyokuzilibazisa. Amafutha akhiwe ngamakhemikhali aphilayo. Yonke le mikhiqizo ingakhipha izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ngenkathi uzisebenzisa, futhi, ngezinga elithile, lapho zigcinwa.

I-EPA's Office of Research and Development's "Total Exposure Assessment Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study" (Imiqulu I kuya ku-IV, eyaqedwa ngo-1985) ithole amazinga cishe ayishumi nambili okungcoliswa kwemvelo avamile ukuba abe phezulu izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5 ngaphakathi kwamakhaya kunangaphandle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izindlu zazisezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezimbonini eziphezulu. Ucwaningo lwe-TEAM lubonise ukuthi ngenkathi abantu basebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe amakhemikhali emvelo, bangazichaya bona kanye nabanye emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu okungcola, futhi ukugxila okuphezulu kungaqhubeka emoyeni isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba umsebenzi usuqediwe.

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Imithombo ye-VOCs

Imikhiqizo yasendlini, okuhlanganisa:

• amapende, ama-strippers kapende nezinye izincibilikisi
• izinto zokugcina izinkuni
• izifutho ze-aerosol
• izinto zokuhlanza nama-disinfectants
• izinto zokuxosha inundu neziqabulayo zomoya
• amafutha agciniwe kanye nemikhiqizo yezimoto
• izinto zokuzilibazisa
• izingubo zokugqoka ezihlanzekile
• isibulala-zinambuzane

Eminye imikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa:

• izinto zokwakha kanye nefenisha
• imishini yasehhovisi njengamakhophi namaphrinta, uketshezi lokulungisa kanye nephepha lokukopisha elingena carbon
• ihluzo nezinto zokwakha ezihlanganisa iglu nezinamatheliso, izimpawu ezihlala njalo nezisombululo zezithombe.

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Imiphumela Yezempilo

Imiphumela yezempilo ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukucasuka kwamehlo, ikhala nomphimbo
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukulahlekelwa ukusebenzisana kanye nesicanucanu
• Ukulimala kwesibindi, izinso kanye nesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi
• Ezinye izinto eziphilayo zingadala umdlavuza ezilwaneni, ezinye kusolwa ukuthi zibangela umdlavuza kubantu.

Izimpawu ezibalulekile noma izimpawu ezihlobene nokuchayeka kuma-VOC zifaka:

• ukucasuka kwe-conjunctival
• ukungakhululeki kwekhala nomphimbo
• ikhanda elibuhlungu
• ukusabela kwe-allergic kwesikhumba
• i-dyspnea
• ukwehla kwamazinga e-serum cholinesterase
• isicanucanu
• ukuphuma
• i-epistaxis
• ukukhathala
• isiyezi

Amandla amakhemikhali emvelo okubangela imiphumela yezempilo ahluka kakhulu kusukela kulawo anobuthi kakhulu, kuya kulabo abangenawo umphumela wezempilo owaziwayo.

Njengezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya, izinga kanye nemvelo yomphumela wezempilo kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi ezihlanganisa nezinga lokuchayeka nobude besikhathi obuveziwe. Phakathi kwezimpawu ezisheshayo abanye abantu abaye baba nazo ngokushesha ngemva kokuchayeka kwezinye izinto eziphilayo zihlanganisa:

• Ukucasuka kwamehlo nemigudu yokuphefumula
• ikhanda
• isiyezi
• ukuphazamiseka kokubona kanye nokukhubazeka kwenkumbulo

Okwamanje, akukho okuningi okwaziwayo mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela yezempilo evela emazingeni ezinto eziphilayo ezivame ukutholakala emakhaya.

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Amazinga Emakhaya

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi amazinga ezinto eziphilayo eziningana aphakathi izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5 phezulu endlini kunangaphandle. Phakathi namahora ambalwa ngokushesha ngemva kwemisebenzi ethile, njengokukhumula upende, amazinga angase abe amaleveli angaphandle angemuva izikhathi ezingu-1,000.

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Izinyathelo Zokunciphisa Ukuchayeka

• Khulisa ukungena komoya lapho usebenzisa imikhiqizo ekhipha ama-VOC.
• Hlangana noma weqe noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha zelebula.
• Ungagcini iziqukathi ezivuliwe zamapende angasetshenzisiwe nezinye izinto ezifanayo ngaphakathi kwesikole.
• I-Formaldehyde, enye ye-VOC eyaziwa kakhulu, ingenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezingcolisa umoya zasendlini ezingakalwa kalula.
  • Khomba, futhi uma kungenzeka, susa umthombo.
  • Uma kungenzeki ukususa, nciphisa ukuchayeka ngokusebenzisa isivalo kuzo zonke izindawo eziveziwe zamaphaneli nezinye izinto zefenisha.
• Sebenzisa izindlela ezididiyelwe zokulawula izinambuzane ukuze unciphise isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane.
• Sebenzisa imikhiqizo yasendlini ngokweziqondiso zomkhiqizi.
• Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza umoya ohlanzekile omningi uma usebenzisa le mikhiqizo.
• Lahla iziqukathi ezingasetshenzisiwe noma ezingasetshenziswa kancane ngokuphepha; thenga ngamanani ozowasebenzisa maduze.
• Gcina endaweni lapho izingane nezilwane ezifuywayo zingafinyeleleki khona.
• Ungalokothi uxube imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwasekhaya ngaphandle kokuthi iqondiswe kulebula.

Landela imiyalelo yelebula ngokucophelela.

Imikhiqizo okungenzeka ibe yingozi ivamise ukuba nezixwayiso ezihloselwe ukwehlisa ukuchayeka komsebenzisi. Isibonelo, uma ilebula ithi sebenzisa umkhiqizo endaweni enomoya omuhle, phumela ngaphandle noma ezindaweni ezifakwe isiphephetha-moya ukuze uwusebenzise. Uma kungenjalo, vula amawindi ukuze unikeze inani eliphezulu lomoya wangaphandle ongakhona.

Lahla iziqukathi ezigcwele ingxenye zamakhemikhali amadala noma angadingeki ngokuphepha.

Ngenxa yokuthi amagesi angavuza ngisho nasezitsheni ezivaliwe, lesi sinyathelo esisodwa singasiza ukunciphisa ukugxila kwamakhemikhali emvelo ekhaya lakho. (Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto onquma ukuzigcina azigcinwa nje kuphela endaweni engenawo umoya kodwa futhi zisendaweni ephephile lapho izingane zingafinyeleli khona.) Ungamane ujikijele le mikhiqizo engafunwa emgqonyeni kadoti. Thola ukuthi ingabe uhulumeni wakini noma iyiphi inhlangano emphakathini wakho ixhasa ngezinsuku ezikhethekile zokuqoqwa kwemfucuza yasendlini enobuthi. Uma lezo zinsuku zikhona, zisebenzise ukuze ulahle izitsha ezingafunwa ngokuphepha. Uma zingekho izinsuku zokuqoqa ezinjalo ezitholakalayo, cabanga ngokuzihlela.

Thenga amanani anomkhawulo.

Uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela noma ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, njengopende, izihluthulelo zikapende nophalafini kwizifudumezi zasemkhathini noma uphethiloli wokugunda utshani, thenga kuphela inani ozolisebenzisa ngaso leso sikhathi.

Gcina ukuchayeka kokuphumayo okuvela emikhiqizweni equkethe i-methylene chloride okungenani.

Imikhiqizo yabathengi equkethe i-methylene chloride ihlanganisa izihluthulelo zopende, izikhiphi zokunamathisela namapende wesifutho se-aerosol. I-methylene chloride yaziwa ngokudala umdlavuza ezilwaneni. Futhi, i-methylene chloride iguqulwa ibe yi-carbon monoxide emzimbeni futhi ingabangela izimpawu ezihlobene nokuchayeka ku-carbon monoxide. Funda ngokucophelela amalebula aqukethe ulwazi oluyingozi empilweni kanye nezixwayiso ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwale mikhiqizo. Sebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe i-methylene chloride ngaphandle uma kungenzeka; sebenzisa endlini kuphela uma indawo inomoya omuhle.

Gcina ukuchayeka ku-benzene kuncane.

I-Benzene iyi-carcinogen eyaziwayo yomuntu. Imithombo eyinhloko yangaphakathi yaleli khemikhali yile:

• intuthu kagwayi yemvelo
• amafutha agciniwe
• izinto zokupenda
• ukukhishwa kwemoto emagaraji anamathiselwe

Izenzo ezizonciphisa ukuchayeka kwe-benzene zihlanganisa:

• ukuqeda ukubhema ekhaya
• ukuhlinzeka ngokungena komoya okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokudweba
• ukulahla izinto zikapende kanye namafutha akhethekile angeke asetshenziswe ngokushesha

Gcina ukuchayeka kokuphuma kwe-perchlorethylene kusuka ezintweni ezisanda kuhlanzwa zomile kube kuncane.

I-Perchlorethylene iyikhemikhali esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni okomile. Ezifundweni zaselabhorethri, kuboniswe ukuthi kubangela umdlavuza ezilwaneni. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi abantu baphefumula amazinga aphansi aleli khemikhali kokubili ezindlini lapho kugcinwa khona izimpahla ezihlanzwe ngamanzi nanjengoba begqoke izingubo ezihlanzwe okomile. Izihlanzi ezomile ziphinde zithathe i-perchlorethylene ngesikhathi sokuhlanza okomile ukuze zonge imali ngokuphinda ziyisebenzise, ​​futhi zikhipha amakhemikhali amaningi phakathi nezinqubo zokucindezela nokuqeda. Ezinye izihlanzi ezomile, noma kunjalo, azisusi i-perchlorethylene eningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho kule khemikhali kuwubuhlakani.

• Uma izimpahla ezihlanzwe okomile zinephunga lamakhemikhali elinamandla lapho uzicosha, ungazamukeli zize zomiswe kahle.
• Uma izimpahla ezinephunga lekhemikhali zibuyiselwa kuwe ekuvakasheni okulandelayo, zama isihlanzi esomile esihlukile.

 

Iphuma ku-https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality