Isingeniso

Ama-organic compounds aguquguqukayo (ama-VOC) akhishwa njengamagesi avela ezintweni ezithile eziqinile noma uketshezi. Ama-VOC afaka amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, amanye awo angaba nemiphumela emibi yempilo yesikhashana neside. Ukugxila kwama-VOC amaningi kuhlala kuphakeme ngaphakathi endlini (kuze kube izikhathi eziyishumi) kunangaphandle. Ama-VOC akhishwa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ebalelwa ezinkulungwaneni.

Amakhemikhali emvelo asetshenziswa kabanzi njengezithako emikhiqizweni yasekhaya. Upende, ama-varnish kanye ne-wax konke kuqukethe izinyibilikisi zemvelo, njengoba kunjalo nangemikhiqizo eminingi yokuhlanza, yokubulala amagciwane, yezimonyo, yokususa amafutha kanye neyokuzilibazisa. Amafutha enziwe ngamakhemikhali emvelo. Yonke le mikhiqizo ingakhipha amakhemikhali emvelo ngenkathi uwasebenzisa, futhi, ngezinga elithile, uma egcinwa.

I-“Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study” yeHhovisi Locwaningo Nentuthuko le-EPA (Umqulu I kuya ku-IV, owaqedwa ngo-1985) ithole amazinga okungcola okuvamile okungaphezu kweshumi nambili ngaphakathi emakhaya aphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kahlanu kunangaphandle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amakhaya ayetholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma ezindaweni zezimboni eziningi. Izifundo ze-TEAM zikhombisile ukuthi ngenkathi abantu besebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe amakhemikhali angokwemvelo, bangazibeka bona kanye nabanye emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu okungcola, futhi amazinga aphezulu angaqhubeka emoyeni isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba umsebenzi usuqediwe.

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Imithombo yama-VOC

Imikhiqizo yasekhaya, okuhlanganisa:

• opende, izihluzi zopende kanye nezinye izinyibilikisi
• izithasiselo zokhuni
• izifutho ze-aerosol
• izihlanzi kanye nezibulala-magciwane
• izinto zokuxosha amanundu kanye nezivuseleli zomoya
• amafutha agciniwe kanye nemikhiqizo yezimoto
• izinto zokuzilibazisa
• izingubo ezihlanziwe
• isibulala-zinambuzane

Eminye imikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa:

• izinto zokwakha kanye nefenisha
• imishini yasehhovisi efana nama-copier nama-printer, uketshezi lokulungisa kanye nephepha lokukopisha elingena-carbon
• ihluzo nezinto zokwenza izinto zobugcisa okuhlanganisa izinamathiselo nezinamathiselo, izimpawu ezihlala njalo kanye nezixazululo zezithombe.

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Imiphumela Yempilo

Imiphumela yezempilo ingafaka:

• Ukucasuka kwamehlo, impumulo nomphimbo
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukulahlekelwa ukuhambisana kanye nesicanucanu
• Ukulimala kwesibindi, izinso kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi
• Ezinye izinto eziphilayo zingadala umdlavuza ezilwaneni, ezinye kusolwa ukuthi zibangela umdlavuza kubantu noma zaziwa ukuthi zibangela umdlavuza.

Izimpawu noma izimpawu ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokuchayeka kuma-VOC zifaka:

• ukucasuka kwe-conjunctival
• ukungakhululeki ekhaleni nasemphinjeni
• ikhanda elibuhlungu
• ukusabela kwesikhumba okungezwani nomzimba
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukwehla kwamazinga e-serum cholinesterase
• isicanucanu
• ukuphuphuma kwegazi
• i-epistaxis
• ukukhathala
• isiyezi

Amandla amakhemikhali emvelo okubangela imiphumela yezempilo ahluka kakhulu kusukela kulawo anobuthi obukhulu, kuya kulawo angaziwa ukuthi anomthelela onjani empilweni.

Njengakwezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, izinga kanye nohlobo lomphumela wezempilo kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi okuhlanganisa izinga lokuchayeka kanye nobude besikhathi sokuchayeka. Phakathi kwezimpawu ezisheshayo abanye abantu abazizwe ngemuva nje kokuchayeka kwezinye izinto eziphilayo zifaka:

• Ukucasuka kwamehlo nomgudu wokuphefumula
• ikhanda elibuhlungu
• isiyezi
• ukuphazamiseka kokubona kanye nokukhubazeka kwenkumbulo

Okwamanje, akukho okuningi okwaziwayo mayelana nemiphumela yezempilo evela emazingeni ezinto eziphilayo ezivame ukutholakala emakhaya.

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Amazinga Emakhaya

Izifundo zithole ukuthi amazinga ezinto eziningana eziphilayo aphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kahlanu ngaphakathi endlini kunangaphandle. Ngesikhathi nangemva kwamahora ambalwa ngemuva kwemisebenzi ethile, njengokukhumula upende, amazinga angaba amazinga angaphandle angemuva ngokuphindwe kayi-1,000.

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Izinyathelo Zokunciphisa Ukuvezwa

• Khulisa umoya ophumayo uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo ekhipha ama-VOC.
• Hlangana noma weqe noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilebula.
• Ungagcini izitsha ezivuliwe zopende ongasetshenziswanga nezinto ezifanayo esikoleni.
• I-Formaldehyde, enye yama-VOC aziwa kakhulu, ingenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezingcolisa umoya zangaphakathi ezingalinganiswa kalula.
  • Thola, futhi uma kungenzeka, susa umthombo.
  • Uma kungenzeki ukususa, nciphisa ukuvezwa ngokusebenzisa i-sealant kuzo zonke izindawo eziveziwe zamaphaneli nezinye izinto zefenisha.
• Sebenzisa amasu okuphatha izinambuzane ahlanganisiwe ukunciphisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane.
• Sebenzisa imikhiqizo yasekhaya ngokwemiyalelo yomkhiqizi.
• Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza umoya omusha owanele uma usebenzisa le mikhiqizo.
• Lahla izitsha ezingasetshenziswanga noma ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ngokuphepha; thenga ngobuningi ozobusebenzisa maduze.
• Gcina kude nezingane nezilwane ezifuywayo.
• Ungalokothi uhlanganise imikhiqizo yokunakekela ikhaya ngaphandle kokuthi kuqondiswe kwilebula.

Landela imiyalelo yelebula ngokucophelela.

Imikhiqizo engaba yingozi ivame ukuba nezixwayiso ezihloselwe ukunciphisa ukuvezwa komsebenzisi. Isibonelo, uma ilebula ithi sebenzisa umkhiqizo endaweni enomoya omuhle, phuma ngaphandle noma ezindaweni ezihlonyiswe ngefeni yokukhipha umoya ukuze uwusebenzise. Ngaphandle kwalokho, vula amafasitela ukuze unikeze umoya wangaphandle ophelele ngangokunokwenzeka.

Lahla izitsha ezigcwele ingxenye yamakhemikhali amadala noma angadingeki ngokuphephile.

Ngenxa yokuthi amagesi angavuza ngisho nasezitsheni ezivaliwe, lesi sinyathelo esisodwa singasiza ekunciphiseni amazinga amakhemikhali emvelo ekhaya lakho. (Qiniseka ukuthi izinto ozikhethayo azigcinwa endaweni enomoya omuhle kuphela kodwa futhi ziphephile ezinganeni.) Ungamane ulahle le mikhiqizo engafuneki emgqonyeni kadoti. Thola ukuthi uhulumeni wakho wendawo noma inhlangano emphakathini wakho ixhasa yini izinsuku ezikhethekile zokuqoqwa kwemfucuza yasekhaya enobuthi. Uma izinsuku ezinjalo zitholakala, zisebenzise ukulahla izitsha ezingafuneki ngokuphephile. Uma kungekho zinsuku ezinjalo zokuqoqwa, cabanga ngokuhlela eyodwa.

Thenga inani elilinganiselwe.

Uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo ngezikhathi ezithile noma ngokwezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, njengopende, iziqeshana zokupenda kanye ne-parafini yezifudumezi zesikhala noma uphethiloli wemishini yokugunda utshani, thenga kuphela oyosebenzisa ngokushesha.

Gcina ukuchayeka okuncane ekukhishweni kwegesi okuvela emikhiqizweni equkethe i-methylene chloride.

Imikhiqizo yabathengi equkethe i-methylene chloride ihlanganisa ama-paint strippers, ama-adhesive removers kanye nama-aerosol spray paints. I-methylene chloride yaziwa ngokubangela umdlavuza ezilwaneni. Futhi, i-methylene chloride iguqulwa ibe yi-carbon monoxide emzimbeni futhi ingabangela izimpawu ezihambisana nokuchayeka ku-carbon monoxide. Funda ngokucophelela amalebula aqukethe ulwazi oluyingozi empilweni kanye nezixwayiso mayelana nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwale mikhiqizo. Sebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe i-methylene chloride ngaphandle uma kungenzeka; sebenzisa ngaphakathi endlini kuphela uma indawo inomoya omuhle.

Gcina ukuchayeka ku-benzene kuncane kakhulu.

I-Benzene iyingozi kakhulu kubantu. Imithombo eyinhloko yale khemikhali yangaphakathi yile:

• intuthu kagwayi yemvelo
• amafutha agciniwe
• izinto zokupenda
• ukukhishwa kwegesi emotweni emagaraji anamathiselwe

Izenzo ezizonciphisa ukuchayeka kwe-benzene zifaka:

• ukuqeda ukubhema ekhaya
• ukuhlinzeka ngomoya ophezulu ngesikhathi sokupenda
• ukulahla izinto zokupenda kanye namafutha akhethekile angeke asetshenziswe ngokushesha

Gcina ukuchayeka okuncane ekukhishweni kwe-perchloroethylene okuvela ezintweni ezisanda kuhlanzwa.

I-Perchloroethylene iyikhemikhali esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni okomile. Ezifundweni zelebhu, kuye kwabonakala ukuthi ibangela umdlavuza ezilwaneni. Izifundo zakamuva zibonisa ukuthi abantu baphefumula amazinga aphansi ale khemikhali kokubili emakhaya lapho kugcinwa khona izimpahla ezihlanzwe okomile kanye nalapho begqoka izingubo ezihlanzwe okomile. Abahlanzi bokusula baphinda babambe i-perchloroethylene ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanza okomile ukuze bonge imali ngokuyisebenzisa kabusha, futhi basusa ikhemikhali eningi ngesikhathi senqubo yokucindezela nokuqeda. Nokho, abanye abahlanzi bokusula okomile abasusi i-perchloroethylene eningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho kule khemikhali kuwukuhlakanipha.

• Uma izimpahla ezihlanzwe ngomshini zinephunga elinamandla lamakhemikhali uma uzithatha, ungazamukeli kuze kube yilapho zomisiwe kahle.
• Uma izimpahla ezinephunga lamakhemikhali zibuyiselwa kuwe ekuhambeleni okulandelayo, zama enye i-dry cleaner.

 

Ivela ku-https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality