Njengoba ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngempilo kanye nekhwalithi yezemvelo kukhuphuka, ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi ezindaweni zezentengiselwano isibe yinto ebalulekile emphakathini. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO), ukungcola komoya wangaphakathi kunegalelo ekufeni kwabantu abayizigidi ezingu-4.3 minyaka yonke. Izindawo zomphakathi ezinabantu abaningi—amahhovisi, izindawo ezinkulu, izibhedlela, izikole—zivame ukuba nomoya omncane wokungenisa umoya kanye nokugcwala kwabantu, okwenza kube yizindawo ezishisayo zokungcola kwangaphakathi. Ikhwalithi yomoya ithinta ngqo inhlalakahle kanye nokukhiqiza kwawo wonke umuntu osebenza, othengayo, noma ofunda kulezi zindawo. Ukuze kugcinwe amazinga aphephile futhi kuqiniswe ukuqina kwempilo yomphakathi, ukufakaizikrini zekhwalithi yomoyasekuyinto ebalulekile ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano zesimanje.
Ukungcoliswa Komoya Wangaphakathi: Kusukela Engozini Yempilo Kuya Ezindlekweni Zomphakathi
Ukungcola komoya wangaphakathi kuvela lapho ukungcola okuyingozi kuqongelela ezindaweni ezivalekile. Lokhu kungcola kuvela entuthwini kagwayi, izinto zokwakha ezingangenisi igesi, ama-VOC avela ezintweni zokuhlanza, ama-spores esikhunta, kanye ne-CO2 ephezulu evela emisebenzini yabantu. Izindawo zezentengiselwano, ezinezinhlelo zazo ze-HVAC eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, ziyandisa lezi zinkinga.
Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kuholela ezifweni zokuphefumula (i-asthma, i-bronchitis), ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukucasuka kwamehlo, kanye—nokubaluleke kakhulu—nezingozi zesikhathi eside ezifana nezimo zenhliziyo nemiphumela yezinzwa. Esibonelweni esisodwa, inxanxathela enkulu yezitolo eBeijing yamisa ukusebenza ngo-2022 ngemuva kokukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-formaldehyde okubangele isiyezi kanye nesicanucanu phakathi kwabasebenzi, okwaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali kanye nokunaka okukhulu komphakathi.
Lokho Okwenziwa Yiziqaphi Zekhwalithi Yomoya Ngempela
Iziqaphi zekhwalithi yomoya ziqoqa idatha yezemvelo yesikhathi sangempela bese ziyihumusha zibe ukuqonda okusebenzisekayo. Zisebenzisa izinzwa ezifakiwe, zilinganisa izinga lokushisa, umswakama, i-CO2, ama-VOC, kanye nezinto ezincane (PM2.5, PM10). Ngokuhlaziya lezi zilinganiso, uhlelo lunikeza umbono ophelele wezimo zomoya zangaphakathi.
Uma ukungcola kudlula imingcele, abaqaphi bangaqala ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlelo zokuhlanza noma bazise abaphathi bezikhungo ukuthi bathuthukise umoya. Le ndlela eqhutshwa idatha ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokulawula imvelo.
Ukusuka Ekuphenduleni Okungazenzisi Kuya Ekuvimbeleni Okusebenzayo
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa iziqaphi zekhwalithi yomoya ukwandisa ulwazi lomphakathi. Izibonisi zesikhathi sangempela—izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, izikrini zokwamukela izivakashi, amadeshibhodi—zenza ikhwalithi yomoya ibe sobala futhi zikhuthaze ukwenza izinqumo ngokushesha.
Isakhiwo sehhovisi saseShenzhen sibone ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi ngekhwalithi yomoya kukhuphuka ngo-30% kanti amazinga ekhefu lokugula ehla ngo-20% ngemuva kokusebenzisa ukuqapha okubonakalayo. Ukucaca kwakha ukwethembana futhi kushukumisa izinyathelo zokulungisa ezisheshayo.
Ukukhomba Imithombo Yokungcola Yokungenelela Okunembile
Iziqaphi zekhwalithi yomoya zisiza ekuboneni kokubili uhlobo kanye nomsuka wokungcola. Isibonelo, i-PM2.5 ephezulu ingabonisa ukukhishwa kwe-VOC okuvela ezintweni zokuvuselela, kuyilapho i-CO2 ephezulu ikhombisa ukungabi nomoya owanele.
Isibhedlela saseShanghai sathola ngokuqapha ukuthi ukwanda kwe-VOC emakamelweni aso okuhlinzwa kwakubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-magciwane. Ukulungisa ukusebenza kokuhlanza nokushintshela emikhiqizweni ye-VOC ephansi kuthuthukise kakhulu izimo.
Ukusekela Ukuhlela Kwemvelo Kwesikhathi Eside
Ngaphandle kwezixwayiso zesikhathi sangempela, iziqaphi zekhwalithi yomoya zinikeza idatha yomlando yesikhathi eside. Lawa masethi edatha avumela abaphathi ukuthi bahlaziye izitayela zesizini, bathole izinkinga eziphindaphindayo, futhi bathuthukise amasu okuthuthukisa iminyaka eminingi.
Isikole eGuangzhou sisebenzise idatha yokuqapha yeminyaka emithathu ukuhlonza intwasahlobo kanye nekwindla njengezikhathi zokungcola okuphezulu, okwaholela ekulungisweni komoya okuqondisiwe kanye nokulungiswa kwezitshalo okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukuqinisa Ukwethenjwa Kwamakhasimende Nabasebenzi
Ikhwalithi yomoya ihlobene ngqo nolwazi lomsebenzisi kanye nombono womkhiqizo. Lapho izindawo zezentengiselwano zibonisa obala izilinganiso zekhwalithi yomoya, zikhombisa ukuzibophezela empilweni nasekuphepheni—okuthuthukisa ukwethembana nokwandisa isikhathi sokuhlala kwamakhasimende.
Isitolo esikhulu eHangzhou sibike ukwanda okungu-25% ekwanelisekeni kwamakhasimende kanye nokwenyuka okungu-15% esikhathini esimaphakathi sokuhlala ngemuva kokwethula ukuqapha okusobala kwekhwalithi yomoya.
Ukusebenza Njengesistimu Yesixwayiso Sasekuqaleni
Iziqaphi zekhwalithi yomoya nazo zisebenza njenge-alamu yesikhathi sangempela. Ukwanda kokungcola okungazelelwe—okubangelwa amakhemikhali okuhlanza, ukwehluleka kwe-HVAC, noma izenzakalo ezingalindelekile—kungatholakala futhi kuxazululwe ngokushesha.
Ihhotela laseChengdu ligweme izikhalazo ezinkulu zezivakashi ngemuva kokuba uhlelo lwalo lokuqapha luxwayise abasebenzi ngokungasebenzi kahle komoya okubangele i-CO2 engajwayelekileamazinga, okuvumela isinyathelo sokulungisa ngokushesha.
Ukuvumela Ukwakhiwa Okuluhlaza kanye Nentuthuko Eqhubekayo
Njengoba ukusimama kuba yinto eza kuqala, ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yomoya ngesikhathi sangempela kuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zokwakha imvelo. Ngokunciphisa imfucuza yamandla nokuvimbela ukungcola kwangaphakathi, ukuqapha okuhlakaniphile kusekela ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo zangaphakathi ezinempilo.
I-Beijingiphrojekthi yokwakha okuluhlazakusetshenziswe ukuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-HVAC, okwaholela ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-15% ngenkathi kugcinwa ikhwalithi yomoya yangaphakathi ephezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-26-2025