Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zezinkinga Zomoya Wasendlini - Intuthu Yentuthu Esetshenzisiwe kanye Namakhaya Angenayo Intuthu

Iyini Intuthu Yesibili?

Intuthu kagwayi iyingxube yentuthu ekhishwa ukushiswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi, njengogwayi, ogwayi noma amapayipi kanye nentuthu ekhishwa abantu ababhemayo.Intuthu kagwayi ibizwa nangokuthi intuthu kagwayi yemvelo (ETS).Ukuchayeka entuthukweni kagwayi ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ukubhema okungahleliwe noma okungenzi lutho.Intuthu kagwayi, ehlukaniswa yi-EPA njenge-carcinogen yeQembu A, iqukethe izinto ezingaphezu kwezi-7,000.Ukuchayeka kwentuthu kagwayi kuvame ukuvela endlini, ikakhulukazi ezindlini nasezimotweni.Intuthu kagwayi ingahamba phakathi kwamagumbi endlu naphakathi kwamafulethi.Ukuvula ifasitela noma ukufaka umoya obandayo endlini noma emotweni akuvikeli entuthu kagwayi.

Iyini Imithelela Yempilo Yentuthu Esetshenzisiwe?

Imiphumela yezempilo yentuthu kagwayi kubantu abadala nabantwana abangabhemi iyingozi futhi miningi.Ukubhema kukagwayi kubangela isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi), umdlavuza wamaphaphu, isifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo, ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okuvamile nokubi kakhulu, nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezimbi kakhulu.Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okumbalwa okuyingqopha-mlando mayelana nentuthu kagwayi kwenziwe.

Okutholakele okungukhiye:

• Alikho izinga elingenabungozi lokuchayeka ekubhemeni kukagwayi.
• Kusukela ngombiko kaDokotela Jikelele ka-1964, abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu-2.5 ababengabhemi bafa ngoba bephefumula intuthu kagwayi.
• Intuthu kagwayi ibangela ukufa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi cishe kuka-34 000 ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo unyaka ngamunye e-United States phakathi kwabangabhemi.
• Abantu abangabhemi abachayeka ekubhemeni kagwayi ekhaya noma emsebenzini bandisa amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo ngama-25-30%.
• Intuthu ebhemayo idala ukufa kwabantu abaningi umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abangabhemi base-US unyaka ngamunye.
• Abantu abangabhemi abachayeka ekubhemeni kagwayi ekhaya noma emsebenzini bandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-20-30%.
• Intuthu kagwayi idala izinkinga eziningi zempilo ezinsaneni nasezinganeni, okuhlanganisa ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya okuvamile nokubi kakhulu, izifo zokuphefumula, izifo ezindlebeni, nesifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo.

Yini Ongayenza Ukuze Unciphise Ukuchayeka Entuthuni Ebhemayo?

Ukuqeda intuthu kagwayi endaweni yasendlini kuzonciphisa imiphumela yayo yezempilo eyingozi, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomoya wasendlini kanye nokunethezeka noma impilo yabahleziyo.Ukuchayeka kwentuthu kagwayi kungancishiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo yokungabhemi okugunyaziwe noma ngokuzithandela.Ezinye izindawo zokusebenza nezindawo zomphakathi ezivalekile njengamabha nezindawo zokudlela azibhemi ngokomthetho.Abantu bangasungula futhi basebenzise imithetho yokungabhemi ezindlini zabo nasezimotweni zabo.Ezindaweni ezihlala imindeni eminingi, ukusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo yokungabhemi kungaba yimpoqo noma ngokuzithandela, kuye ngohlobo lwesakhiwo nendawo (isb., ubunikazi kanye nendawo).

• Ikhaya seliba yindawo ehamba phambili yokuchayeka kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala entuthuni kagwayi.(Umbiko kaDokotela Jikelele, 2006)
• Imindeni engaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezinezinqubomgomo zokungabhemi ine-PM2.5 ephansi uma iqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezingenazo lezi zinqubomgomo.I-PM2.5 iyunithi yokulinganisa yezinhlayiya ezincane ezisemoyeni futhi isetshenziswa njengenkomba eyodwa yekhwalithi yomoya.Amazinga aphezulu ezinhlayiya ezinhle emoyeni angaholela emiphumeleni emibi yezempilo.(Russia, 2014)
• Ukwenqabela ukubhema endlini kuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqeda intuthu kagwayi endaweni yasendlini.Amasu okungenisa umoya kanye nokuhlunga anganciphisa, kodwa angaqedi, intuthu kagwayi.(Bohoc, 2010)

Iphuma ku-https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/secondhand-smoke-and-smoke-free-homes