Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zezinkinga Zomoya Wangaphakathi - Intuthu Esetshenzisiwe kanye Nezindlu Ezingenantuthu

Kuyini i-Secondhand Smoke?

Intuthu ekhishwa yi-second hand iyinhlanganisela yentuthu ekhishwa ukushiswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi, njengogwayi, ugwayi noma amapayipi kanye nentuthu ekhishwa ngababhemayo. Intuthu ekhishwa yi-second hand ibizwa nangokuthi intuthu kagwayi yemvelo (ETS). Ukuchayeka entuthu ekhishwa yi-second hand ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ukubhema ngokungazikhetheli noma ukubhema ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-passive smoking. Intuthu ekhishwa yi-second hand, ehlukaniswe yi-EPA njenge-Group A carcinogen, iqukethe izinto ezingaphezu kuka-7,000. Ukuchayeka entuthu ekhishwa yi-second hand kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphakathi endlini, ikakhulukazi emakhaya nasezimotweni. Intuthu ekhishwa yi-second hand ingahamba phakathi kwamakamelo endlu naphakathi kwamafulethi. Ukuvula ifasitela noma ukwandisa umoya endlini noma emotweni akuvikeli entuthu ekhishwa yi-second hand.

Iyini Imiphumela Yempilo Yokubhema Okubhemayo?

Imiphumela yempilo yokubhema intuthu yabantu abadala nezingane ezingabhemi iyingozi futhi miningi. Ukubhema intuthu yabantu abadala kubangela izifo zenhliziyo (isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi), umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukufa kwezinsana okuzumayo, ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okuvamile nokubi kakhulu, kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezinkulu. Kuye kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuningana okuphawulekayo kwezempilo mayelana nokubhema intuthu yabantu abadala.

Okutholakele Okubalulekile:

• Akukho izinga elingenangozi lokuchayeka ekubhemeni intuthu yomuntu obhemayo.
• Kusukela ku-1964 Surgeon General's Report, abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu-2.5 ababengabhemi bafa ngoba babephefumula intuthu ebhemayo.
• Ukubhema intuthu yomuntu obhemayo kubangela ukufa kwabantu abangaba ngu-34,000 ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo minyaka yonke e-United States phakathi kwabantu abangabhemi.
• Abantu abangabhemi ababhemayo ababhema intuthu kagwayi ekhaya noma emsebenzini bandisa ingozi yabo yokuthola isifo senhliziyo ngo-25-30%.
• Ukubhema intuthu ephuma komunye umuntu kubangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu phakathi kwabantu abangabhemi e-US minyaka yonke.
• Abantu abangabhemi ababhemayo ababhema intuthu kagwayi ekhaya noma emsebenzini bandisa ingozi yabo yokuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-20-30%.
• Ukubhema intuthu kagwayi kubangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo ezinganeni nasezinganeni, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okuvamile nokunzima, izifo zokuphefumula, izifo zendlebe, kanye nesifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo.

Yini Ongayenza Ukuze Unciphise Ukuchayeka Entuthwini Yokubhema?

Ukususa intuthu ebhemayo endaweni yangaphakathi kuzonciphisa imiphumela yayo eyingozi empilweni, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi kanye nenduduzo noma impilo yabantu abahlala kuyo. Ukuchayeka kwentuthu ebhemayo kungancishiswa ngokusebenzisa inqubomgomo ephoqelelwe noma yokuzithandela yokungabi nentuthu. Ezinye izindawo zokusebenza kanye nezindawo zomphakathi ezivalekile njengezindawo zokuphuza utshwala nezindawo zokudlela azibhemi ngokomthetho. Abantu bangasungula futhi baphoqelele imithetho yokungabi nentuthu emakhaya abo nasezimotweni zabo. Emakhaya anemindeni eminingi, ukusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo yokungabi nentuthu kungaba yimpoqo noma ngokuzithandela, kuye ngohlobo lwendawo nendawo (isb., ubunikazi kanye negunya).

• Ikhaya seliba yindawo eyinhloko yokuchayeka kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala ekubhemeni intuthu ebhemayo. (Umbiko Kadokotela Ohlinzayo Jikelele, 2006)
• Imindeni ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezinezinqubomgomo zokungabhemi ine-PM2.5 ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo ezingenazo lezi zinqubomgomo. I-PM2.5 iyiyunithi yokulinganisa yezinhlayiya ezincane emoyeni futhi isetshenziswa njengenye yezinkomba zekhwalithi yomoya. Amazinga aphezulu ezinhlayiya ezincane emoyeni angaholela emiphumeleni emibi empilweni. (Russo, 2014)
• Ukwenqabela ukubhema endlini kuyindlela kuphela yokususa intuthu evela komunye umuntu endaweni engaphakathi. Amasu okungenisa umoya kanye nokuhlunga anganciphisa, kodwa angawuqedi, intuthu evela komunye umuntu. (Bohoc, 2010)

Ivela ku-https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/secondhand-smoke-and-smoke-free-homes