Imitha Yezinhlayiya Zomoya

Izinto ezincane (PM) ziwukungcola kwezinhlayiya, okukhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningi ezingahlukaniswa ngezinqubo zemishini noma zamakhemikhali. Ngokwesiko, isayensi yezemvelo ihlukanise izinhlayiya zibe amaqembu amabili amakhulu i-PM10 kanye ne-PM2.5.

I-PM10 yizinhlayiya eziphakathi kwama-micron angu-2.5 no-10 (ama-micrometer) ububanzi (unwele lomuntu lungaba ngu-60 micron ububanzi). I-PM2.5 yizinhlayiya ezincane kune-2.5 microns. I-PM2.5 ne-PM10 zinezakhi ezahlukene zezinto futhi zingavela ezindaweni ezahlukene. Uma izinhlayiya zincane, kulapho zingahlala khona isikhathi eside emoyeni ngaphambi kokuzinza. I-PM2.5 ingahlala emoyeni kusukela emahoreni kuya emavikini futhi ihambe amabanga amade kakhulu ngoba incane futhi ilula.

I-PM2.5 ingangena ezingxenyeni ezijulile (ze-alveolar) zamaphaphu lapho kwenzeka ukushintshana kwegesi phakathi komoya nomsinga wegazi lakho. Lezi yizinhlayiya eziyingozi kakhulu ngoba ingxenye ye-alveolar yamaphaphu ayinayo indlela ephumelelayo yokuzisusa futhi uma izinhlayiya zincibilika emanzini, zingadlulela emsakazweni wegazi kungakapheli imizuzu. Uma zingancibiliki emanzini, zihlala engxenyeni ye-alveolar yamaphaphu isikhathi eside. Lapho izinhlayiya ezincane zingena ngokujulile emaphashini futhi zivaleleke lokhu kungabangela isifo samaphaphu, i-emphysema kanye/noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwezinye izimo.

Imiphumela eyinhloko ehlotshaniswa nokuchayeka ezintweni ezincane ingafaka: ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukwanda kwesifo sokuphefumula kanye nesifo senhliziyo (okuboniswa ukwanda kokungeniswa esibhedlela kanye nokuvakashela amagumbi okuphuthumayo, ukungabikho esikoleni, ukulahlekelwa yizinsuku zomsebenzi, kanye nezinsuku zomsebenzi ezinqunyelwe) i-asthma ebangelisayo, izimpawu zokuphefumula ezibukhali, i-bronchitis engapheli, ukwehla kokusebenza kwamaphaphu kanye nokwanda kwe-myocardial infarction.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezingcolisa amakhemikhali emakhaya nasemahhovisi ethu. Ezivela ngaphandle zifaka phakathi imithombo yezimboni, izindawo zokwakha, imithombo yokusha, impova, nezinye eziningi. Izinhlayiya nazo zidalwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi ojwayelekile wangaphakathi kusukela ekuphekeni, ukuhamba phezu kwekhaphethi, izilwane ezifuywayo, usofa noma imibhede, ama-air conditioner njll. Noma yikuphi ukunyakaza noma ukudlidliza kungadala izinhlayiya eziphuma emoyeni!